HTML 字符集参考手册

为了正确显示 HTML 页面,浏览器必须知道要使用的字符集(编码):

实例

  1. <meta charset="UTF-8">

HTML 字符集

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集!

然而并非一直如此。早期 Web 的字符编码为 ASCII。

后来,从 HTML 2.0 到 HTML 4.01,ISO-8859-1 被视为标准字符集。

有了 XML 和 HTML5,UTF-8 终于出现并解决了许多字符编码问题。

最初:ASCII

计算机数据以二进制代码(01000101)存储在电子设备中。

为了使文本的存储标准化,创建了美国信息交换标准码(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,ASCII)。它为每个可存储字符定义了一个唯一的二进制数字,以支持 0-9 之间的数字、大写和小写字母(a-z,A-Z)以及特殊字符(比如 ! $ + - ( ) @ < > ,)。

由于 ASCII 使用 7 位字符,因此它只能表示 128 个不同的字符。

ASCII 的最大缺点是,它排除了非英文字母。

如今,ASCII 仍在使用,特别是在大型主机计算机系统中。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 ASCII 参考

在 Windows 中:Windows-1252

Windows-1252 是 Windows(直到 Windows 95)中的默认字符集。

它是 ASCII 的扩展,增加了国际字符。

它使用一个完整的字节(8 位)表示 256 个不同的字符。

由于 Windows-1252 是 Windows 中的默认设置,因此所有浏览器都支持它。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 Windows-1252 参考

在 HTML 4 中:ISO-8859-1

HTML 4 中最常用的字符集是 ISO-8859-1。

ISO-8859-1 是 ASCII 的扩展,增加了国际字符。

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">

在 HTML 4 中,可以在 <meta> 标签中指定与 ISO-8859-1 不同的字符集:

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-8">

所有 HTML 4 处理器也都支持 UTF-8:

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">

提示:当浏览器检测到 ISO-8859-1 时,它通常默认为 Windows-1252,因为 Windows-1252 还有 32 个国际字符。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整的 ISO-8859-1 参考

在 HTML5 中:Unicode UTF-8

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集。

实例

  1. <meta charset="UTF-8">

可以在 <meta> 标签中指定不同于 UTF-8 的字符集:

实例

  1. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">

Unicode 联盟开发了 UTF-8 和 UTF-16 标准,因为 ISO-8859 字符集是受限制的,并且不兼容多语言环境。

Unicode 标准(几乎)涵盖世界上所有的字符、标点和符号。

提示:所有 HTML5 和 XML 处理器都支持 UTF-8、UTF-16、Windows-1252 和 ISO-8859。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 Unicode 参考

常见的 HTML 字符集

HTML5 中的默认字符集为 UTF-8。

数字 ASCII ANSI 8859-1 UTF-8 描述
32 space
33 ! ! ! ! exclamation mark
34 quotation mark
35 # # # # number sign
36 $ $ $ $ dollar sign
37 % % % % percent sign
38 & & & & ampersand
39 apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) right parenthesis
42 * * * * asterisk
43 + + + + plus sign
44 , , , , comma
45 - - - - hyphen-minus
46 . . . . full stop
47 / / / / solidus
48 0 0 0 0 digit zero
49 1 1 1 1 digit one
50 2 2 2 2 digit two
51 3 3 3 3 digit three
52 4 4 4 4 digit four
53 5 5 5 5 digit five
54 6 6 6 6 digit six
55 7 7 7 7 digit seven
56 8 8 8 8 digit eight
57 9 9 9 9 digit nine
58 : : : : colon
59 ; ; ; ; semicolon
60 < < < < less-than sign
61 = = = = equals sign
62 > > > > greater-than sign
63 ? ? ? ? question mark
64 @ @ @ @ commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N
79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ left square bracket
92 \ \ \ \ reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ low line
96 ` ` ` ` grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a
98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t
117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { left curly bracket
124 | | | | vertical line
125 } } } } right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ tilde
127 DEL
128 euro sign
129    NOT USED
130 single low-9 quotation mark
131 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook
132 double low-9 quotation mark
133 horizontal ellipsis
134 dagger
135 double dagger
136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
137 per mille sign
138 Š Latin capital letter S with caron
139 single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 Œ Latin capital ligature OE
141    NOT USED
142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143    NOT USED
144    NOT USED
145 left single quotation mark
146 right single quotation mark
147 left double quotation mark
148 right double quotation mark
149 bullet
150 en dash
151 em dash
152 ˜ small tilde
153 trade mark sign
154 š Latin small letter s with caron
155 single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 œ Latin small ligature oe
157    NOT USED
158 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 no-break space
161 ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162 ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163 £ £ £ pound sign
164 ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165 ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166 ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167 § § § section sign
168 ¨ ¨ ¨ diaeresis
169 © © © copyright sign
170 ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171 « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173 ­ ­ ­ soft hyphen
174 ® ® ® registered sign
175 ¯ ¯ ¯ macron
176 ° ° ° degree sign
177 ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178 ² ² ² superscript two
179 ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180 ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181 µ µ µ micro sign
182 pilcrow sign
183 · · · middle dot
184 ¸ ¸ ¸ cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186 º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187 » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190 ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192 À À À Latin capital letter A with grave
193 Á Á Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194 Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 Å Å Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
201 É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205 Í Í Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206 Î Î Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 Ï Ï Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 Ð Ð Ð Latin capital letter Eth
209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 Ò Ò Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211 Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212 Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 × × × multiplication sign
216 Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 Ý Ý Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
223 ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224 à à à Latin small letter a with grave
225 á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226 â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 æ æ æ Latin small letter ae
231 ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233 é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234 ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235 ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238 î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241 ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248 ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave
250 ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252 ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
254 þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255 ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis