HTML 字符集参考手册

为了正确显示 HTML 页面,浏览器必须知道要使用的字符集(编码):

实例

  1. <meta charset="UTF-8">

HTML 字符集

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集!

然而并非一直如此。早期 Web 的字符编码为 ASCII。

后来,从 HTML 2.0 到 HTML 4.01,ISO-8859-1 被视为标准字符集。

有了 XML 和 HTML5,UTF-8 终于出现并解决了许多字符编码问题。

最初:ASCII

计算机数据以二进制代码(01000101)存储在电子设备中。

为了使文本的存储标准化,创建了美国信息交换标准码(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,ASCII)。它为每个可存储字符定义了一个唯一的二进制数字,以支持 0-9 之间的数字、大写和小写字母(a-z,A-Z)以及特殊字符(比如 ! $ + - ( ) @ < > ,)。

由于 ASCII 使用 7 位字符,因此它只能表示 128 个不同的字符。

ASCII 的最大缺点是,它排除了非英文字母。

如今,ASCII 仍在使用,特别是在大型主机计算机系统中。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 ASCII 参考。

在 Windows 中:Windows-1252

Windows-1252 是 Windows(直到 Windows 95)中的默认字符集。

它是 ASCII 的扩展,增加了国际字符。

它使用一个完整的字节(8 位)表示 256 个不同的字符。

由于 Windows-1252 是 Windows 中的默认设置,因此所有浏览器都支持它。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 Windows-1252 参考。

在 HTML 4 中:ISO-8859-1

HTML 4 中最常用的字符集是 ISO-8859-1。

ISO-8859-1 是 ASCII 的扩展,增加了国际字符。

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">

在 HTML 4 中,可以在 <meta> 标签中指定与 ISO-8859-1 不同的字符集:

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-8">

所有 HTML 4 处理器也都支持 UTF-8:

实例

  1. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">

提示:当浏览器检测到 ISO-8859-1 时,它通常默认为 Windows-1252,因为 Windows-1252 还有 32 个国际字符。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整的 ISO-8859-1 参考。

在 HTML5 中:Unicode UTF-8

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集。

实例

  1. <meta charset="UTF-8">

可以在 <meta> 标签中指定不同于 UTF-8 的字符集:

实例

  1. <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">

Unicode 联盟开发了 UTF-8 和 UTF-16 标准,因为 ISO-8859 字符集是受限制的,并且不兼容多语言环境。

Unicode 标准(几乎)涵盖世界上所有的字符、标点和符号。

提示:所有 HTML5 和 XML 处理器都支持 UTF-8、UTF-16、Windows-1252 和 ISO-8859。

如需更深入的研究,请访问我们的 完整 Unicode 参考。

常见的 HTML 字符集

HTML5 中的默认字符集为 UTF-8。

数字 ASCII ANSI 8859-1 UTF-8 描述
32 space
33 ! ! ! ! exclamation mark
34 “ “ “ “ quotation mark
35 # # # # number sign
36 $ $ $ $ dollar sign
37 % % % % percent sign
38 & & & & ampersand
39 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) right parenthesis
42 * * * * asterisk
43 + + + + plus sign
44 , , , , comma
45 - - - - hyphen-minus
46 . . . . full stop
47 / / / / solidus
48 0 0 0 0 digit zero
49 1 1 1 1 digit one
50 2 2 2 2 digit two
51 3 3 3 3 digit three
52 4 4 4 4 digit four
53 5 5 5 5 digit five
54 6 6 6 6 digit six
55 7 7 7 7 digit seven
56 8 8 8 8 digit eight
57 9 9 9 9 digit nine
58 : : : : colon
59 ; ; ; ; semicolon
60 < < < < less-than sign
61 = = = = equals sign
62 > > > > greater-than sign
63 ? ? ? ? question mark
64 @ @ @ @ commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N
79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ left square bracket
92 \ \ \ \ reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ low line
96 ` ` ` ` grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a
98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t
117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { left curly bracket
124 | | | | vertical line
125 } } } } right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ tilde
127 DEL
128 € euro sign
129    NOT USED
130 ‚ single low-9 quotation mark
131 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook
132 „ double low-9 quotation mark
133 … horizontal ellipsis
134 † dagger
135 ‡ double dagger
136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
137 ‰ per mille sign
138 Š Latin capital letter S with caron
139 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 Œ Latin capital ligature OE
141    NOT USED
142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143    NOT USED
144    NOT USED
145 ‘ left single quotation mark
146 ’ right single quotation mark
147 “ left double quotation mark
148 ” right double quotation mark
149 • bullet
150 – en dash
151 — em dash
152 ˜ small tilde
153 ™ trade mark sign
154 š Latin small letter s with caron
155 › single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 œ Latin small ligature oe
157    NOT USED
158 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 no-break space
161 ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162 ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163 £ £ £ pound sign
164 ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165 ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166 ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167 § § § section sign
168 ¨ ¨ ¨ diaeresis
169 © © © copyright sign
170 ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171 « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173 ­ ­ ­ soft hyphen
174 ® ® ® registered sign
175 ¯ ¯ ¯ macron
176 ° ° ° degree sign
177 ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178 ² ² ² superscript two
179 ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180 ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181 µ µ µ micro sign
182 pilcrow sign
183 · · · middle dot
184 ¸ ¸ ¸ cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186 º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187 » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190 ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192 À À À Latin capital letter A with grave
193 Á Á Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194 Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 Å Å Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
201 É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205 Í Í Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206 Î Î Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 Ï Ï Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 Ð Ð Ð Latin capital letter Eth
209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 Ò Ò Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211 Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212 Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 × × × multiplication sign
216 Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 Ý Ý Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
223 ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224 à à à Latin small letter a with grave
225 á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226 â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 æ æ æ Latin small letter ae
231 ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233 é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234 ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235 ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238 î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241 ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248 ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave
250 ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252 ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
254 þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255 ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis