HTML 编码（字符集）

为了正确显示 HTML 页面，Web 浏览器必须知道要使用哪个字符集。

从 ASCII 到 UTF-8

ASCII 是第一个字符编码标准。ASCII 定义了 128 种可以在互联网上使用的字符：数字（0-9）、英文字母（A-Z）和一些特殊字符，比如：! $ + - ( ) @ < >。

ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默认字符集。此字符集支持 256 个不同的字符代码。HTML 4 同时支持 UTF-8。

ANSI（Windows-1252）是原始的 Windows 字符集。 ANSI 与 ISO-8859-1 相同，不同之处在于 ANSI 具有 32 个额外的字符。

HTML5 规范鼓励 Web 开发人员使用 UTF-8 字符集，该字符集涵盖了世界上几乎所有的字符和符号！

HTML charset 属性

为了正确显示 HTML 页面，Web 浏览器必须了解页面中使用的字符集。

这在 <meta> 标签中指定：

  1. <meta charset="UTF-8">

字符集之间的差异

下表展示了上述字符集之间的区别：

Numb ASCII ANSI 8859 UTF-8 Description
32 space
33 ! ! ! ! exclamation mark
34 “ “ “ “ quotation mark
35 # # # # number sign
36 $ $ $ $ dollar sign
37 % % % % percent sign
38 & & & & ampersand
39 ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ apostrophe
40 ( ( ( ( left parenthesis
41 ) ) ) ) right parenthesis
42 * * * * asterisk
43 + + + + plus sign
44 , , , , comma
45 - - - - hyphen-minus
46 . . . . full stop
47 / / / / solidus
48 0 0 0 0 digit zero
49 1 1 1 1 digit one
50 2 2 2 2 digit two
51 3 3 3 3 digit three
52 4 4 4 4 digit four
53 5 5 5 5 digit five
54 6 6 6 6 digit six
55 7 7 7 7 digit seven
56 8 8 8 8 digit eight
57 9 9 9 9 digit nine
58 : : : : colon
59 ; ; ; ; semicolon
60 < < < < less-than sign
61 = = = = equals sign
62 > > > > greater-than sign
63 ? ? ? ? question mark
64 @ @ @ @ commercial at
65 A A A A Latin capital letter A
66 B B B B Latin capital letter B
67 C C C C Latin capital letter C
68 D D D D Latin capital letter D
69 E E E E Latin capital letter E
70 F F F F Latin capital letter F
71 G G G G Latin capital letter G
72 H H H H Latin capital letter H
73 I I I I Latin capital letter I
74 J J J J Latin capital letter J
75 K K K K Latin capital letter K
76 L L L L Latin capital letter L
77 M M M M Latin capital letter M
78 N N N N Latin capital letter N
79 O O O O Latin capital letter O
80 P P P P Latin capital letter P
81 Q Q Q Q Latin capital letter Q
82 R R R R Latin capital letter R
83 S S S S Latin capital letter S
84 T T T T Latin capital letter T
85 U U U U Latin capital letter U
86 V V V V Latin capital letter V
87 W W W W Latin capital letter W
88 X X X X Latin capital letter X
89 Y Y Y Y Latin capital letter Y
90 Z Z Z Z Latin capital letter Z
91 [ [ [ [ left square bracket
92 \ \ \ \ reverse solidus
93 ] ] ] ] right square bracket
94 ^ ^ ^ ^ circumflex accent
95 _ _ _ _ low line
96 ` ` ` ` grave accent
97 a a a a Latin small letter a
98 b b b b Latin small letter b
99 c c c c Latin small letter c
100 d d d d Latin small letter d
101 e e e e Latin small letter e
102 f f f f Latin small letter f
103 g g g g Latin small letter g
104 h h h h Latin small letter h
105 i i i i Latin small letter i
106 j j j j Latin small letter j
107 k k k k Latin small letter k
108 l l l l Latin small letter l
109 m m m m Latin small letter m
110 n n n n Latin small letter n
111 o o o o Latin small letter o
112 p p p p Latin small letter p
113 q q q q Latin small letter q
114 r r r r Latin small letter r
115 s s s s Latin small letter s
116 t t t t Latin small letter t
117 u u u u Latin small letter u
118 v v v v Latin small letter v
119 w w w w Latin small letter w
120 x x x x Latin small letter x
121 y y y y Latin small letter y
122 z z z z Latin small letter z
123 { { { { left curly bracket
124 | | | | vertical line
125 } } } } right curly bracket
126 ~ ~ ~ ~ tilde
127 DEL
128 € euro sign
129    NOT USED
130 ‚ single low-9 quotation mark
131 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook
132 „ double low-9 quotation mark
133 … horizontal ellipsis
134 † dagger
135 ‡ double dagger
136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent
137 ‰ per mille sign
138 Š Latin capital letter S with caron
139 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 ΠLatin capital ligature OE
141    NOT USED
142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143    NOT USED
144    NOT USED
145 ‘ left single quotation mark
146 ’ right single quotation mark
147 “ left double quotation mark
148 ” right double quotation mark
149 • bullet
150 – en dash
151 — em dash
152 ˜ small tilde
153 ™ trade mark sign
154 š Latin small letter s with caron
155 › single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 œ Latin small ligature oe
157    NOT USED
158 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 no-break space
161 ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark
162 ¢ ¢ ¢ cent sign
163 £ £ £ pound sign
164 ¤ ¤ ¤ currency sign
165 ¥ ¥ ¥ yen sign
166 ¦ ¦ ¦ broken bar
167 § § § section sign
168 ¨ ¨ ¨ diaeresis
169 © © © copyright sign
170 ª ª ª feminine ordinal indicator
171 « « « left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ¬ ¬ ¬ not sign
173 ­ ­ ­ soft hyphen
174 ® ® ® registered sign
175 ¯ ¯ ¯ macron
176 ° ° ° degree sign
177 ± ± ± plus-minus sign
178 ² ² ² superscript two
179 ³ ³ ³ superscript three
180 ´ ´ ´ acute accent
181 µ µ µ micro sign
182 pilcrow sign
183 · · · middle dot
184 ¸ ¸ ¸ cedilla
185 ¹ ¹ ¹ superscript one
186 º º º masculine ordinal indicator
187 » » » right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ¼ ¼ ¼ vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ½ ½ ½ vulgar fraction one half
190 ¾ ¾ ¾ vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ¿ ¿ ¿ inverted question mark
192 À À À Latin capital letter A with grave
193 Á Á Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194 Â Â Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 Ã Ã Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 Ä Ä Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 Å Å Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 Æ Æ Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 Ç Ç Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 È È È Latin capital letter E with grave
201 É É É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 Ê Ê Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 Ë Ë Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 Ì Ì Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205 Í Í Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206 Î Î Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 Ï Ï Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 Ð Ð Ð Latin capital letter Eth
209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 Ò Ò Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211 Ó Ó Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212 Ô Ô Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 Õ Õ Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 Ö Ö Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 × × × multiplication sign
216 Ø Ø Ø Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 Ù Ù Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 Ú Ú Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 Û Û Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 Ü Ü Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 Ý Ý Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 Þ Þ Þ Latin capital letter Thorn
223 ß ß ß Latin small letter sharp s
224 à à à Latin small letter a with grave
225 á á á Latin small letter a with acute
226 â â â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 ã ã ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ä ä ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 å å å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 æ æ æ Latin small letter ae
231 ç ç ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 è è è Latin small letter e with grave
233 é é é Latin small letter e with acute
234 ê ê ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235 ë ë ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ì ì ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 í í í Latin small letter i with acute
238 î î î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 ï ï ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 ð ð ð Latin small letter eth
241 ñ ñ ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 ò ò ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 ó ó ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 ô ô ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 õ õ õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ö ö ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 ÷ ÷ ÷ division sign
248 ø ø ø Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ù ù ù Latin small letter u with grave
250 ú ú ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 û û û Latin small letter with circumflex
252 ü ü ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 ý ý ý Latin small letter y with acute
254 þ þ þ Latin small letter thorn
255 ÿ ÿ ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis

ASCII 字符集

ASCII 使用 0 到 31（以及 127）之间的值作为控制字符。

ASCII 使用 32 到 126 的值表示字母、数字和符号。

ASCII 不使用 128 到 255 之间的值。

ANSI 字符集 (Windows-1252)

对于 0 到 127 的值，ANSI 与 ASCII 相同。

ANSI 有一组专有的字符，其值从 128 到 159。

对于 160 到 255 的值，ANSI 与 UTF-8 相同。

ISO-8859-1 字符集

对于 0 到 127 的值，8859-1 与 ASCII 相同。

8859-1 不使用 128 到 159 之间的值。

对于从 160 到 255 的值，8859-1 与 UTF-8 相同。

UTF-8 字符集

对于 0 到 127 的值，UTF-8 与 ASCII 相同。

UTF-8 不使用 12 8到 159 之间的值。

对于 160 到 255 之间的值，UTF-8 与 ANSI 和 8859-1 相同。

UTF-8 从值 256 继续，包含超过 10000 个不同字符。

如需深入研究，请阅读我们完整的 HTML 字符集参考手册。

@charset CSS 规则

您可以使用 CSS @charset 规则来指定样式表中使用的字符编码：

实例

将样式表的编码设置为 Unicode UTF-8：

  1. @charset "UTF-8";

请在我们的 CSS 参考手册中获取更多有关 CSS @charset 规则 的内容。