从 HTML4 迁移至 HTML5
本章讲解如何从一张典型的 HTML4 页面迁移至典型的 HTML5。
本章演示如何把一张已有的 HTML4 页面转换为 HTML5 页面,在不破坏如何原始内容和结构的情况下。
注释:您可以使用相同的技巧从 HTML4 以及 XHTML 迁移至 HTML5。
典型的 HTML4 | 典型的 HTML5 |
---|---|
<div id="header"> |
<header> |
<div id="menu"> |
<nav> |
<div id="content"> |
<section> |
<div id="post"> |
<article> |
<div id="footer"> |
<footer> |
典型的 HTML4 页面
实例
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<title>HTML4</title>
<style>
body {font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;}
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post
{border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;}
div#header,div#footer {color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}
div#content {background-color:#ddd;}
div#menu ul {margin:0;padding:0;}
div#menu ul li {display:inline; margin:5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</div>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2>News Section</h2>
<div id="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
<div id="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<p>© 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
更改为 HTML5 Doctype
修改文档类型,从 HTML4 doctype:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
修改为 HTML5 doctype:
<!DOCTYPE html>
更改为 HTML5 编码
修改编码信息,从 HTML4:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
改为 HTML5:
<meta charset="utf-8">
添加 shiv
所有现代浏览器都支持 HTML5 语义元素。
此外,您可以“教授”老式浏览器如何处理“未知元素”。
为 Internet Explorer 支持而添加的 shiv:
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
注释:请在 HTML5 浏览器支持中阅读更多有关 shiv 的知识。
为 HTML5 语义元素添加 CSS
请看已有的 CSS 样式:
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post {
border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
div#header,div#footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
div#content {
background-color:#ddd;
}
div#menu ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
div#menu ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
Duplicate with equal CSS styles for HTML5 semantic elements:
header,footer,section,article {
border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
header,footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
section {
background-color:#ddd;
}
nav ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
nav ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
更改为 HTML5 <header>
和 <footer>
把 id=”header” 和 id=”footer” 的 <div>
元素:
<div id="header">
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</div>
.
.
.
<div id="footer">
<p>© 2021 CtrlASD. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <header>
和 <footer>
:
<header>
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</header>
.
.
.
<footer>
<p>© 2021 CtrlASD. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
更改为 HTML5 <nav>
把 id=”menu” 的 <div>
元素:
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</a></li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <nav>
:
<nav>
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</a></li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</nav>
更改为 HTML5 <section>
把 id=”content” 的 the <div>
元素:
<div id="content">
.
.
.
</div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <section>
:
<section>
.
.
.
</section>
更改为 HTML5 <article>
把 class=”post” 的所有 <div>
元素:
<div class="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
修改为 HTML5 语义元素 <article>
:
<article>
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</article>
删除这些“不再需要的”样式:
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post {
border:1px solid grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
div#header,div#footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
div#content {
background-color:#ddd;
}
div#menu ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
div#menu ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
典型的 HTML5 页面
最后您可以删除 <head>
标签。HTML5 中不再需要它们:
实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<title>HTML5</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js">
</script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
body {
font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;
}
header,footer,section,article {
border:1px solid grey;
margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;
background-color:white;
}
header,footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
section {
background-color:#ddd;
}
nav ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
nav ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
</style>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section>
<h2>News Section</h2>
<div id="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
<div id="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
</section>
<footer>
<p>© 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
<article>
<section>
与 <div>
之间的差异
在 HTML5 标准中,<article>
<section>
与 <div>
之间的差异很小,令人困惑。
在 HTML5 标准中,<section>
元素被定位为相关元素的块。
<article>
元素被定义为相关元素的完整的自包含块。
<div>
元素被定义为子元素的块。
如何理解呢?
在上面的例子中,我们曾使用 <section>
作为相关 <articles>
的容器。
但是,我们也能够把 <article>
用作文章的容器。
下面是一些不同的例子:
<article> 中的 <article>:
<article>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>
<article>
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</article>
</article>
<article> 中的 <div>:
<article>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>
<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article> 中的 <section> 中的 <div>:
<article>
<section>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>
<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Famous Countries</h2>
<div class="country">
<h2>England</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="country">
<h2>France</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="country">
<h2>Japan</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</section>
</article>